Valve-operating mechanism and the like



Dec. 25, 1928. 1,696,370

J. C. TURVENE VALVE OPERATING MECHANISM AND THE LIKE Filed Jan. 5, 1927 Patented. Dec. 25, 1928.

JOHN G. TUlw VENE,

PATENT. OFFICE.

or DAYTON, OHIO.

VALVE -OPERATING MEGHAN ISM AND THE LIKE.

Application filed January 3, 1927. Serial No. 158,481.

This invention relates to improvements in valve operating mechanism for. internal combustion engines.

In the accompanying drawings which serve to illustrate the invention:

Fig. 1 is a sectional View illustrating the improvements as applied to valves of engines or motors of the usual construction;

4 F ig. 2 is a sectional view illustrating the improvements as applied to valve-in-head type of motors Fig. 3 is an enlarged sectional view of the improvements as shown in Fig. 1

Fig. 4 is a group View of the detail parts comprised in the invention; v

Fig. 5 is a detail View illustrating "a modification;

Fi 6 is a detail view showing the corresponding parts of ordinary valve mechanism. All motors of L-head and valve-in-head construction with cam shaft in the crank case have cam followers or tappets similar to the arrangement shown in the drawings.

A clearance of .003 between the tappets and 2 the valve stems is provided to compensate for expansion of the metal as the temperature of the motor increases.

In the present common construction of motors of this character the springs which act to close the valves act directly on the valve stems and indirectly on the tappets, the action on the latter being through the former. Thus there is no spring action onthe tappets during the remaining movement after the valves are'seated, being the distance of the air gap between the parts, through which the tappets move by the momentum imparted by the springs.

This action of the mechanism results in interrupte'd contact between the tappets and the cams, caused by the clearance gap commonlyallowed in the system which occurs between the cam and tappet and between-the tappet and valve stem. When the interrupted contact is restored there is an impact between the surfaces which results in the knock or clicking noise which is characteristic of the motors. There is also a clicking noise, less pronounced, at the end ofthe upward idle movement of the tappets when the same have moved across the air gap'and impact with. the ends of the valve stems.

The objects attained in the present invention consist in the elimination of this noise in the valves and minimizin of wear on the coacting surfaces.

This is accomplished by bridging the air gapbetween the tappets and valve stem with part of the spring tension for closing the valve so that the tappets are constantly un-- der spring tension and no interruption of contact between the tappets and cams occurs.

The noise in the motors having ordinary valve mechanism is present in new motors and increases with wear of the mechanism, it be-' ing constantly an object sought in automobile engineering to obtain quiet operation of the motors.

The mechanism is in simple form and is adaptable to the valves of motors of stand.- ard construction. The arrangement of the mechanism is such that normal wear of. the parts will be compensated for by adaptation of the mechanism, thus smooth and quiet operation 'of the valves will be maintained during the life of the motors without further adjustment-s being made after the first as-- sembling.

As shown in Figs. 1, 3 and 4, the valve mechanism, including the improvements comprised in the invention, consists in a valve housing 1 formed integrally with* the motor cylinder 2, the lower portion of the housing being provided with a bearing sleeve 3 for the tappet 4 and the upper portion of the housing with a port 5 and valve seat 6 for the valve head 8. 5

The tappet 4 has a cam follower 9 support ed in its lower end adapted to coact with a cam 10 on cam shaft 11 for opening the valve. The air gap 12 between the tappet 4 and the valve stem 7 is the usual allowance to compensate for variable temperatures at which the motors are operated. The adjusting nut 13 in the end of the tappet 4 for regulating the space between parts 4'7 and'the spring 14 for opposin the tappet and closing the valve is also 0 the usual construction.

The air gap 12 between parts 7 -13 is necessary to insure full closing of the valve when the metal expands as the motor warms up and in like manner to maintain normal opera tion of the valve when the metal contracts as the motors are operated at lower temperatures.

The means for applying the invention to standard valve mechanism of automobile motors consist in the enlarged part 13, a part 15 applied slidably on a sleeve 16, the parts being in free assembly on the lower end of valve stem 7, part 15 serving as a seat for the primary spring 14 and as a housing is opposed to the other.

for a secondary spring 17 which is compressed and retained in the housing by a split ring 18 applied on the lower end of the valve stem and serving as a seat for part 16. Part 15 is provided with a clearance space 19for introducing a blade gauge for ad uSting part 13 to regulate the air gap.

The tension of spring 14 is greater than that of spring 17. For illustration it is assumed that the normal spring forces, when the motor is at rest, are respectively 60 lbs. and 50 lbs. It will be seen that one spring Thus the 60 lbs. downward force of spring 14 on part 15 is relieved by 50 lbs. upward force of spring 17,-the pressure exerted on the tappet being the difference between the springs, or 10 lbs., the downward force on the valve stem being 50 lbs, or the full force of spring 17 When the mechanism is in action, start ing with the valve closed, as illustrated in Fig. 1, the tappet is under 10 lbs. resistance until the air gap is closed, that is to say, until part 13 contacts with the lower end of part 7, when the full resistance force of spring 14 will be exerted on the tappet, the force being about 60 pounds during the opening movement. In like manner, in the valve closing movement, the force of springs 1417. in the same degree will be on the tap-- pet until the valve is seated, the remaining portion, of the closing movement, being the distance across gap 12, being completed under only 10 lbs. force on the tappet, 50 lbs. force being on the valve stem.

Thus it will be seen that a'highly respon sive, uninterrupted light spring relation is effected between parts 9 10, at the instant of closing and initial opening movement of the valve, that will tend to minimize wear of the contact surfaces; also that the knock between the parts when the motor is operating at high speed will be minimized, being practically overcome bythe compensating action of the springs at or near the end of the valve closing movement.

It has been found in practice wit-h the im proved valve construction that the air gap may be materially increased from the normal spacing of .0,03"-.006" without a-fi'ecting the smoothness of operation or producing theknock in the mechanism. This added allowance is of material advantage in assembling the valve mechanism for anew motor and also serves to compensate for normal wear of the parts'during the life of the motor without further adjustments being made.

Themodification illustrated in Fig. 2 is an adaptation of the improved construction as app-lied to a valve-in-head motor.

The construction consists of parts 4, 9, 10 and 11, which are the same as the correspending parts in Fig. -.1,"a connecting rod 25 from part 4 to a, rocker arm 26 the free end of which acts'on parts 27-28 which correspond to parts 7 and 15 of-Fig. 1. Parts 29, 30, 31 and 32 correspond to parts 14, 16, and 17 and 18 respectively of Fig. 1. The operation of the valve in the two constructions shown is substantially the same.

The modification illustrated in Fig. 5 consists in a recessed head 35 substituted for part 13 on ste n 4, the lower end of valve stem 7 being extended into the recess. A plurality of arms 36 are pivoted on the lower end of stem 4 and serve as a. yieldable seat forspring 14. The free ends of the arms are supported on the rim of part 35, the spring being seated intermediate the ends of the arms. By this arrangement the greater part of the spring force will be on stem 7 and the lesser part will be on stem 4 and the influence on the operation of the valve will be similar to that described in connection with Figs. 1 and 2.

Detail Fig. 6 illustrates the arrangement of the corresponding parts of valve mechanism of the present common practice for which the improven'ients comprised in the invention are substituted.

Having described my invention, I claim: 1. Valve operating mechanism including in combination with a valve having an axially operable member for openingand closing the valve, an actuator for said member aligned axially therewith and acting positively thereon for opening the valve, a pri-' ially operable member for o ening and closing the valve, an actuator or said member spaced axially therefrom and acting positively thereon for opening the valve, a. primary compressible element opposed direct to the actuator, and a secondary compressible element opposed to said member and to the primary element when the valve is closed, where-. b only a portion of the force of the primary eiement is transmitted across said space on the actuator..

3. Valve operating mechanism including in combination with avalve having a. mem her for opening and closing the valve and an actuator therefor in axial alignment one with the other, a primary spring arranged telescopically over said member and opposed direct to said actuator, and a secondary spring of lessdegree arranged telescopically -over said member within the first named spring opposed to the primary spring and said member, whereby only a portion of the force of the primary spring is exerted direct on the actuator.

the other, a sleeve slidable relative to said member, a primary spring arranged telescopi cally on said sleeve and opposed direct to said actuator, and a secondary spring arranged telescopically relative to said member within said sleeve and opposed to the primary spring and to said member.

5. Valve operating mechanism including in combination with a valve having a mem ber for opening andclosing the valve and an actuator therefor in axial alignment one with the other, a pair of sleeves arranged telescopically one relative to the other, the

inner sleeve being slidable on said member,

a primary spring arranged telescopically on the outer sleeve and opposed direct to said actuator, and a secondary spring arranged telescopically on the inner sleeve within the outer sleeve and opposed to the primary spring and said member.

[6. Valve operating mechanism including in combination with a valve having a member for openingand closing the valve and an actuator therefor in axial alignment one with the other, a sleeve slidable on said member and a seat formed on the lower end of the member, a spring arranged telescopically relative to said sleeve opposed direct to said actuator, and a spring within the sleeve acting against said seat opposed to the first named spring and to said member.

7 Valve actuating mechanism including in combination with a valve having a member for opening and closing the valve and an actuator therefor spaceione from the other, primary and secondary springs opposed to the actuator and acting on said member to close the valve, said springs. being opposed one to the other and coacting one with the other to transmit force direct from the primary spring across said space on said 'actuator.

8. Valve actuating mechanism including in combination with a valve having a member for opening and closing the valve and a positive actuator therefor for opening the valve spaced one from the other axially, a. com pressible element opposed to the actuator and to said member and acting to close the valve and means, as the valve is closed, to transmit opposing force from said element across saidspace on said actuator.v

. 9. Valve actuating mechanism including in combination with a valve having a member for opening and closing the valve and a positive actuator therefor for opening the valve spaced one .from the other axially, a

compressible element opposed to the actuator and to said member acting to close the valve and means act-ing to impart the greater portion of the force fromssaid element on said" member and to transmit the lesser portion thereof across said space on said actuator.

10. Valve actuating mechanism including in combination with a valve having a member for opening and closing the valve and an actuator therefor spaced one from the other, primary and secondary springs opposed one to the other and to the actuator acting to close the valve, the force of one spring being greater than the force of the other spring, and connections for directing the difference of force of the springs across said space on said actuator.

' In testimony whereof, I aflix my signature.

JOHN G. TURVENE. 

